Tuesday, July 16, 2013

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    Fossils suggest T. rex was, indeed, king of the food chain

    The Tyrannosaurus rex of "Jurassic Park" fame chases any prey that moves, then devours it with a bone-crushing gnash of its enormous jaws and serrated teeth. But paleontologists don't necessarily back Steven Spielberg's portrayal of T. rex, with some saying it may have simply scavenged the remains of dead animals it happened to find.

    Now scientists have unearthed what they say is the first direct evidence that the dinosaur king hunted its prey, further supporting its reign at the top of the Cretaceous food chain.

    The team excavated the 1.5-inch crown of a T. rex tooth lodged between the fused vertebrae of a hadrosaur, a plant-eating duck-billed dinosaur. The vertebrae had grown around the chisel-shaped tooth ? indicating that the hadrosaur was alive when it was attacked, according to a report published Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    Scientists have debated T. rex's feeding behavior for more than a century. Skeletal fossils indicate the creatures were well-suited to hunting, with long serrated teeth, strong hind limbs and a massive skull. Fossil remains bearing T. rex tooth marks, as well as partially digested bones alongside T. rex remains, indicate that the massive creatures ate meat.

    While those discoveries might suggest that T. rex fatally attacked its prey, they are also consistent with the possibility that the prey was already dead before T. rex took its first bite. Experts in both camps have ardently defended their positions.

    To prove that T. rex was a predator and not just a scavenger, paleontologists needed to find signs of healing in an animal that had escaped an attack. The tooth crown and vertebrae found in South Dakota's Hell Creek Formation is "the piece that settles the controversy," said University of Kansas paleontologist David Burnham, a member of the study team.

    That doesn't mean T. rex hunted everything it ate, Burnham and his colleagues wrote. Tooth-punctured fossils lacking signs of wound healing could be evidence that the dinosaurs also fed on carrion.

    Large carnivores eat dead animals when they can, and the same was true 65 million years ago, said Thomas Holtz, a paleontologist at the University of Maryland who was not part of the study.

    "That's food that doesn't fight back," Holtz said. "Why pass up a free meal?"

    The hadrosaur vertebrae were dug up during a 2007 excavation meant to study Hell Creek's prehistoric ecology.

    Robert Feeney, an amateur paleontologist with the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., noticed two long bones protruding from the ground. Further excavation revealed a cauliflower-like outgrowth fusing the soup-bowl-sized vertebrae together ? a sign of bone healing.

    After transporting the fossil to the University of Kansas in Lawrence, they used fine brushes, delicately-tipped dental instruments and a miniature sandblaster with baking soda to remove the remaining sediment. Then the researchers made another discovery: a tooth crown wedged between the vertebrae and surrounded by the healed bone growth.

    "It was a very exciting moment," Burnham said.

    The significance of the find was immediately apparent, he added: "We felt like the king was back."

    The team members used a CT scanner to image the tooth crown and then measured its serrations and other characteristics. The measurements matched up with T. rex teeth.

    The team used a similar approach to identify the vertebrae, comparing their size and shape to those of other plant-eating species. The long spinal processes, extensions of bone branching from the vertebrae, were characteristic of hadrosaurs.

    They also determined that the vertebrae came from the hadrosaur's tail. That is consistent with the way modern-day predators attack their prey, immobilizing their victims by targeting the hindquarters first, the authors wrote.

    Jack Horner, a Montana State University paleontologist who was not part of the study, said he was still not convinced that T. rex was a predator. The location of the large tooth on the underside of the hadrosaur vertebrae could indicate that the victim was lying down when it was attacked. Perhaps the T. rex mistook it for carrion and then fled once it realized its intended meal was still alive, he said.

    The authors of the study can conclude only that the T. rex "bit a live animal, and the animal lived," Horner said.

    Study leader Robert DePalma, a paleontologist at the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History, said Horner's scenario was "implausible."

    "A scavenger doesn't come across a food source and realize all of a sudden that it's alive," he said.

    Since paleontologists can't observe dinosaurs in the wild, they'll "probably never know" whether T. rex preferred scavenging or hunting, Holtz said. The new fossil "is great because, lacking time machines, we need to get tiny snapshots of info when we can."

    "Not all the best fossils are totally complete specimens," he added. "Sometimes it's the little bones that count."

    melissa.pandika@latimes.com

    Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/news/science/~3/9CfMTmtVjG0/la-sci-t-rex-hunter-20130716,0,5277408.story

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    Brain discovery could help schizophrenics

    Brain discovery could help schizophrenics [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 15-Jul-2013
    [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    Contact: Andy Henion
    henion@msu.edu
    517-355-3294
    Michigan State University

    EAST LANSING, Mich. The discovery of brain impairment in mice may eventually lead to better therapies for people with schizophrenia and major depression.

    Studying rodents that have a gene associated with mental illness, Michigan State University neuroscientist Alexander Johnson and colleagues found a link between a specific area of the prefrontal cortex, and learning and behavioral deficits.

    While much work needs to be done, the discovery is a major step toward better understanding mental illness. While antipsychotic drugs can treat hallucinations related to schizophrenia, there essentially is no treatment for other symptoms such as lack of motivation or anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure.

    "This study may well suggest that if we start targeting these brain-behavior mechanisms in people with mental illness, it may help to alleviate some of the cognitive and motivational symptoms, which to date remain largely untreated with current drug therapies," said Johnson, MSU assistant professor of psychology.

    The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    Schizophrenia, a disabling brain disorder marked by paranoia and hearing voices that aren't there, affects some 2.4 million Americans and runs in families, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

    The researchers conducted a series of experiments with two groups of mice those with the gene associated with mental illness and those without the gene (or the control group).

    In one experiment, related to cognition, the mice were presented with tasty food when they responded on one side of a conditioning box. After repeated feedings, the food was switched to the other side of the box. The mice with the mental illness gene had a much more difficult time learning to adapt to the new side.

    In another experiment, related to motivation, the mice had to respond an increasing number of times each time they wanted food. By the end of the three-hour session, all mice with the mental illness gene stopped responding for food, while half of the control group continued on.

    Johnson said the deficiencies may suggest a problem in the prefrontal cortex area known as the orbitofrontal cortex, and that further research should target this area.

    His co-investigators include Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Akira Sawa and Michela Gallagher from Johns Hopkins University.

    ###


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    ?


    AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


    Brain discovery could help schizophrenics [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 15-Jul-2013
    [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    Contact: Andy Henion
    henion@msu.edu
    517-355-3294
    Michigan State University

    EAST LANSING, Mich. The discovery of brain impairment in mice may eventually lead to better therapies for people with schizophrenia and major depression.

    Studying rodents that have a gene associated with mental illness, Michigan State University neuroscientist Alexander Johnson and colleagues found a link between a specific area of the prefrontal cortex, and learning and behavioral deficits.

    While much work needs to be done, the discovery is a major step toward better understanding mental illness. While antipsychotic drugs can treat hallucinations related to schizophrenia, there essentially is no treatment for other symptoms such as lack of motivation or anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure.

    "This study may well suggest that if we start targeting these brain-behavior mechanisms in people with mental illness, it may help to alleviate some of the cognitive and motivational symptoms, which to date remain largely untreated with current drug therapies," said Johnson, MSU assistant professor of psychology.

    The study is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    Schizophrenia, a disabling brain disorder marked by paranoia and hearing voices that aren't there, affects some 2.4 million Americans and runs in families, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

    The researchers conducted a series of experiments with two groups of mice those with the gene associated with mental illness and those without the gene (or the control group).

    In one experiment, related to cognition, the mice were presented with tasty food when they responded on one side of a conditioning box. After repeated feedings, the food was switched to the other side of the box. The mice with the mental illness gene had a much more difficult time learning to adapt to the new side.

    In another experiment, related to motivation, the mice had to respond an increasing number of times each time they wanted food. By the end of the three-hour session, all mice with the mental illness gene stopped responding for food, while half of the control group continued on.

    Johnson said the deficiencies may suggest a problem in the prefrontal cortex area known as the orbitofrontal cortex, and that further research should target this area.

    His co-investigators include Hanna Jaaro-Peled, Akira Sawa and Michela Gallagher from Johns Hopkins University.

    ###


    [ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

    ?


    AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


    Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/msu-bdc071513.php

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    Monday, July 15, 2013

    Fan grabs 4 foul balls at Indians game

    CLEVELAND (AP) ? Some guys have all the luck, and a little skill, too.

    One fan at Sunday's game between the Cleveland Indians and Kansas City Royals at Progressive Field grabbed four foul balls, a once-in-several-lifetimes achievement.

    Greg Van Niel, a season-ticket holder who wasn't sitting in his usual seat, got the four souvenirs during the Indians' 6-4 win.

    "Three of them were catches and one was a ball I picked up off the ground," Van Niel told the team. "The third one I think was the hardest one ? I think I ended up sprawled across a few rows, and I got some cheese on myself. But the other ones were just a matter of being in the right place at the right time."

    Yeah, four times.

    Van Niel described one of his grabs, on a ball hit by Indians leadoff man Michael Bourn, as being highlight-reel worthy.

    "Michael Bourn hit one that was off the fa?ade, and that's where I was in the cheese fries," he said. "(That) one was crazy acrobatics. I was strewn across three rows, and I needed some assistance getting back."

    Van Niel posed for a picture for the Indians clutching three of the souvenirs in his right hand. He said he had never caught a foul ball before his amazing one-day haul.

    There were 15,431 other fans at the Indians' final game before the All-Star break, but it's safe to bet none had a day quite like Van Niel.

    Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fan-grabs-4-foul-balls-indians-game-041515442.html

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    Obama: Martin's death a tragedy, asks nation to respect call for calm (CNN)

    Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

    Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/319302132?client_source=feed&format=rss

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    Sunday, July 14, 2013

    GALLERY: Manea Gala promised much and delivered more with a parade that catapulted the village into the X factor finale of carnivals


    Manea Gala Parade. Picture: Steve Williams. Manea Gala Parade. Picture: Steve Williams.

    By John Elworthy Sunday, July 14, 2013
    3:45 PM

    MANEA Gala promised much and delivered more with a parade drenched in mid summer heat and providing a visually stunning display of good natured, beautifully turned out floats.

    To send a link to this page to a friend, you must be logged in.

    The hard working committee members who spent months preparing for this should be congratulated for devising a spectacular show deserving of the warm applause that it received.

    It was a parade that drew an eclectic mix of floats which put together, catapulted Manea into the X Factor finale of village carnivals.

    From vintage to modern tractors, from scooters to Scanias, from furiously pedalling ice cream vendors to hand drawn vintage fire pumps, it was a cavalcade of riches.

    And if favourites there had to be, surely the Newfoundland dogs were up there with the best of them.

    The dogs belong to a society formed 24 years ago to preserve their breed but more importantly to always be there to put on a show. Their fund raising for charity is legendary, for example each December they pull Christmas trees for customers in Thetford Forest and take them back to people?s cars for a donation.

    The floats too oozed pride and passion- and reflected much hard work and preparation.

    Though The Stig looked surprisingly comfortable in his car, as did MP Steve Barclay who ?hitched? a carnival ride in a Bentley, in reality it was the kids wot won it.

    They embraced the parade in substantial numbers, ensuring no doubt a gala first begun in 1954 is in good hands for the next generation or two of Manea villagers.

    Source: http://www.cambstimes.co.uk/gallery_manea_gala_promised_much_and_delivered_more_with_a_parade_that_catapulted_the_village_into_the_x_factor_finale_of_carnivals_1_2277585

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    The high paying banking jobs that nobody wants

    Pay

    By Paul Clarke, 12 Jul 2013

    Pay is, of course, becoming a lot more complex in the financial sector and investment banks are keen to build their internal compensation teams in order to meet the demands of both employees and regulators. There?s just one problem ? there are not enough people available.

    Investment banks are slowly building their compensation teams in order to both navigate the tricky new regulatory environment and ensure that pay remains competitive relative to their peers. Banks employ specialists in deferred compensation, equity payments, international tax, and regulatory remuneration issues as well as those tasked with working out cash payments.

    Related articles:

    The new stealth-cap on City bankers? pay:??425k

    UBS has hiked some banker salaries in the?City

    ?Banks are building their compensation teams,? said Claire Hodgson, senior consultant for HR at recruiters Morgan McKinley. ?The main challenges banks face attracting talent is that there is currently a lack of candidates for compensation roles in the market. Attracting candidates for these roles is difficult as they?re not actively looking.?

    These roles are surprisingly well-paid, considering that they sit in an HR function. One compensation consultant working for a Big Four firm, said that they pay ?a fraction of what people earn in the investment banks? for an equivalent role.

    After three years? experience, ?60-80k is the normal salary range, he suggests, while a head of reward for a European bank should expect over ?250k and a head of deferred compensation can earn over ?150k. Across financial services, figures from Robert Walters suggest a ?100-200k average for a head of compensation and benefits and ?75-100k for a compensation and benefits manager.

    Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley all have open roles in this area.

    So, why are these people so hard to find? It?s not just a supply and demand issue: ?One problem is that people are pigeon-holed into particular specialism early in their career, which is not conducive longer term to offering the step up to a senior position with a more general compensation focus,? said the compensation consultant.?Banks are also likely to look externally for the more complex advice, which doesn?t make in-house staff feel overly-valued.?

    Junior investment bankers in the front office burning the midnight oil may disagree, but it?s also something of a gruelling position to work in. It?s common to work at least 60 hours a week, and you can add another 20 as compensation cycles looms. ?It?s a hugely stressed and pressurised environment, which you can only remain in for so long,? said the compensation consultant. Therefore, people either go it alone, or move into a consultancy, he said.

    Ironically, perhaps, in the past two years or so that the job has become much more interesting, with the regulators spicing up the complexity of the role by changing compensation within investment banking so much.

    ?Investment banks are having to extend their search beyond the sector ? consultancies are happy hunting grounds, but so are retail banks and insurance firms,? said the compensation expert.


    Source: http://news.reuters.efinancialcareers.co.za/newsandviews_item/wpNewsItemId-145832

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    LG Optimus L9 Gets Android 4.1.2 at T-Mobile

    Owners of an LG Optimus L9 smartphone on the network of wireless carrier T-Mobile can now download and install the Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean platform release on their devices, the operator has announced.

    The new OS release has started to arrive on devices earlier this week as software version P76920f, and should no longer pack the issues that determined T-Mobile to pull the plug on its rollout before, as PhoneArena notes.

    The OS upgrade is being delivered to users over the air, which means that they will receive a notification on their devices as soon as the software is available for them to download.

    ?Beginning July 10, the LG Optimus L9 will have a software update to Android version 4.1.2/ Software P76920f via Over the Air (OTA). This update changes the OS to Jelly Bean and includes security enhancements,? the wireless carrier announced on its support website.

    On the site, T-Mobile explains that the new Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean update for the LG Optimus L9 is available for all devices running under firmware version P76920d (Android 4.1.2) or version P76910g (Android 4.0.4).

    The OS upgrade comes in a 355.7MB package for all smartphones with firmware 10g to 20e loaded on them, and as a 44.1 MB download for 20d to 20e devices.

    Before proceeding with the update, users should back up all data on their devices, to make sure that no important files are lost in the process, although the operation should preserve all of them.

    Furthermore, they should make sure that the battery inside their smartphone has been charged at least at 50 percent.

    As soon as the notification on the availability of the OTA update arrives on their screens, users should follow the on-screen prompts to install it. Additional info on the update can be found on this page on T-Mobile?s support website.

    Source: http://news.softpedia.com/news/LG-Optimus-L9-Gets-Android-4-1-2-at-T-Mobile-367959.shtml

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    Saturday, July 13, 2013

    Dana White talking with Anderson Silva about a rematch with Chris Weidman, but no deal is done

    UFC president Dana White said he was in Los Angeles on Friday, meeting with ex-middleweight champion Anderson Silva about the possibility of a rematch with new champion Chris Weidman.

    But White vehemently denied a report in GQ Brazil (Editor's note: Story is in Portuguese) in which Silva was quoted as saying the rematch was made for Dec. 28 at UFC 168 in Las Vegas. Right now, a women's bantamweight title fight between Ronda Rousey and archrival Miesha Tate headlines that card.

    There has been much speculation about whether a rematch would be made, and Weidman, during a post-victory media tour earlier this week, told several outlets that a rematch was a done deal and would be held in either December or February.

    Weidman won the title by knocking Silva out at UFC 162 at the MGM Grand Garden on July 6, handing the great Brazilian the first UFC loss of his career.

    White told Yahoo! Sports via telephone earlier in the week that he felt the bout could draw a massive crowd to Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, but said "This just feels like one of those huge Vegas fights to me." White has repeatedly said he thinks Silva-Weidman II will be the largest-grossing, best-selling pay-per-view card in UFC history.

    "We are talking about a rematch and I am and have been confident I will get it done," White told Yahoo! Sports via text message. "It isn't done yet, though."

    Silva said in the cage after the fight that he wasn't interested in fighting for a title again, and reiterated that stance at the post-fight news conference.

    But he's apparently had a change of heart in the last several days and is at least open to the possibility of meeting Weidman a second time.

    Silva was stopped at 1:18 of the second round when, after putting his hands at his side and taunting Weidman to hit him, he was clipped on the chin by a massive left hook and went down.

    Related coverage on Yahoo! Sports:
    ? Brian Stann decides it's time to retire
    ? Injury forces Mitrione out of Schaub fight
    ? The five best fights of now-retired Brian Stann's career

    Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-talking-anderson-silva-rematch-chris-weidman-215511289.html

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    RF Jammer manufacture,Cell phone jammer GPS Jammer: Portable ...

    JM141605 will make effect only on the communication of mobile phones, instead of on other electronic devices and human bodies, thus can be used widely.

    JM141605 is made up of up-to-date paste components and integrated circuits. With advanced performance, it is easy to install and use, and can work continuously for a long time.

    As the manufacturing process strictly follows ISO9001 quality system, the device works stable and reliable. It is an ideal, reliable security product, which can be used to strengthen information security, and protect safe production and protect the environment at the same time.

    ?

    At a Glance:

    4-channel type can efficiently provide shield for mobile signals from GSM,CDMA,DCS,3G, PHS,Satellite phone, etc.

    It only shields the signals from mobile phone and does not affect the normal operation of other electronic devices;

    Generally, please use your mobile phone at the places more than 200 meters away from the base station;

    Switching on, it can work stably for a long time;

    Slow start-up circuit can avoid sparkling caused by mechanical switch.


    Application

    Conference room, auditoriums, law court, library, exam room, school, cinema, theater, and hospital etc.

    Oil station, gas filled station, oil field, oil depot etc.

    At places where using mobile phones is prohibited such as government, military, finance, security, police and command center etc.

    Technical Specifications

    3.2 Technical parameters

    Effective isolating/shielding diameter: 5-30meters (depends on local signal strength)

    Isolating signal bandwidth (default)
    -CDMA: 851-894MHz
    -GSM: 925-960 MHz
    -DCS: 1805-1880MHz
    -3G: 2110-2170MHz

    Working time: can work continuously with AC/DC electricity power ( can work continuously for 2hours with full charged battery)

    Environment temperature: - 40 C to +55 C

    Relative humidity: 30% -- 95%

    Power adapter
    AC: 110-240V, DC: 9V 1300mA / H, with built-in rechargeable battery

    Dimension: 100, mm(L)?50mm(W)?200mm(H)

    Weight: 0.7kg

    Output power: 4W

    Accessories

    ?

    Power adaptor

    Antennas

    User manual

    Note: The jamming distances we mentioned on website are for customer's reference only. The actual jamming distance will be varied depending on the signal strength and the use location and if full charges, etc.

    Source: http://safeguard-cts.blogspot.com/2013/07/portable-high-power-4w-mobile-phone.html

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    NASA urged to seek live Martians with 2020 rover

    Genome sequencers and other devices that could reveal whether anything is alive on Mars right now should be ready to launch with NASA's next Mars rover in 2020. The trouble is, the rover team may not want them ? and some astrobiologists are crying foul.

    Earlier this week NASA announced its science goals for the next US rover headed for the Red Planet, known for now as Mars 2020. Essentially a duplicate of the Curiosity rover now on Mars, this robot has been tasked with searching for evidence of past life and collecting rock samples for eventual return to Earth. Sample-return has been at the top of the Mars community's wish list for decades. The caching component of Mars 2020 represents a revival of a well-studied plan to bring Martian rocks back to Earth for detailed study.

    But others think the rover's approach to life detection is overly cautious. The Mars 2020 will primarily search for signs that something lived on Mars in ancient times, even though the technology exists to hunt for alien microbes presently living on or just beneath the surface.

    "It is the same old depressing story of NASA vetoing any proposal to do biological experiments on Mars," says Paul Davies of Arizona State University (ASU) in Tempe. "I personally think this is absurd."

    Martian genes

    One potential life-seeking experiment is the Search for Extraterrestrial Genomes (SETG) project, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Previous experiments for detecting existing life on Mars, such as the one on the 1976 Viking missions, focused on finding organic carbon, which is necessary for life as we know it but can also be produced by non-biological processes. Viking scientists initially reported such hints of life on Mars, but the results were ultimately deemed inconclusive.

    "We went and looked for life on Mars with Viking, and since then we've been in the mode of looking for past life," says Chris Carr of the SETG project. "That's made sense. We didn't want to repeat Viking, where we couldn't make sense of the results."

    Finding DNA or RNA would be a much less ambiguous signal of life, past or present. A gene sequencer could even figure out whether that life is related to Earth life, or if it had a unique origin. Doing DNA analysis on Mars rather than waiting for the Mars 2020 samples to come home also means you can be confident that the samples have not degraded in transit.

    "Sample-return is an important mission and we should do it, but I don't think we should wait until we have all parts of that mission to look for extant life on Mars," says Carr. His team is developing a robust sequencer small enough to fit on a rover, and they are already field-testing prototypes. "I think we could produce something in time for the Mars 2020 mission," he says.

    Encourage life

    An even simpler experiment would create habitable hot spots on Mars. Dirk Schulze-Makuch of Washington State University and colleagues argue that if microbes are currently present on Mars, they may be lying dormant to survive the planet's extreme dryness and cold. If you could warm them up, protect them from radiation and give them a refreshing drink, they might bloom.

    Their project, outlined in a paper published this week in the journal Astrobiology, is called Detection of Mars Extant life in the near-Subsurface (DOMES). A rover would scratch out a trench to expose the Martian subsurface and put down a clear plastic cup containing water and organic compounds, inverted like a tiny biodome. Similar schemes have encouraged lichen and moss to flourish in the otherwise sparsely populated sands of the Namib Desert.

    Gil Levin of ASU, who led Viking's life-detection efforts, still hopes to see that experiment vindicated. "NASA says the greatest question confronting us is, are we alone?" says Levin. "Thirty-seven years ago, they got at least an ambiguous response. What do you do with an ambiguous response? You settle it. You don't run away from it."

    Together with Davies and Ariel Anbar, also of ASU, Levin is currently developing a capsule that would carry multiple small, dart-like instruments, which could shoot away from a rover or lander, plunge down into the soil and repeat the Viking experiment several times with different controls. "That would not only verify that we had detected life previously or disprove it, but would also begin an investigation of what kind of life that is," he says.

    Mars rocks

    NASA is throwing open the door for proposed instruments to fly on Mars 2020, so while these experiments may go beyond the rover's stated goal, they can still compete for a spot. And if they are not selected for this launch, the sample-return effort may give them another shot.

    The most likely strategy for returning samples stored on the 2020 rover will involve two more spacecraft heading to Mars, says Charles Whetsel of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Another rover will need to pick up the cache and loft it into orbit, and an orbiter or flyby mission will have to pick it up. Both of those missions would offer opportunities for new science experiments that could search for extant life, either carried on the pickup rover or dropped by the orbiter.

    In the meantime, Whetsel defends the decision to hold off on searching for existing life right now. "It's probably easier to prove there was once life on Mars than to prove it survived and it exists today," he says. "It would definitely be front-page news if we determined there is currently life on Mars. I think it's equally front-page to say there was once life on Mars."

    Journal reference: Astrobiology, DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.0995

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    Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/2e97b359/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Carticle0Cdn238660Enasa0Eurged0Eto0Eseek0Elive0Emartians0Ewith0E20A20A0Erover0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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    Friday, July 12, 2013

    Your digital library of PS4 games can be accessed from any console, Sony confirm...

    Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

    Source: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=545918708779187&set=a.193414160696312.37127.190017407702654&type=1

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    Tracking Shifting Sands Along the Nation's Coast

    As New Yorkers braced themselves for Hurricane Sandy, coastal geologist Cheryl Hapke was out surveying Fire Island, a barrier island off the Long Island coast. Days later, Hapke was back to document the hurricane's effects and found a breach cutting the island in two. Now locals and scientists are debating whether the inlet should be filled in or left as nature intended.

    Source: http://www.npr.org/2013/07/12/201461177/tracking-shifting-sands-along-the-nations-coast?ft=1&f=1007

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    India Bridal Fashion Week heads to London in 2014


    India Bridal Fashion Week heads to London in 2014New Delhi: The India Bridal Fashion Week (IBFW), an exposition of Indian couture and bridal lines, will woo international patrons with its first ever international edition in 2014. It will be held in London, organiser Vijay Singh announced here Wednesday.
    ?We`re going to London next year. I believe that any specific industry requires a new market. If you look at the Indian fashion industry, every designer is a name in outside countries as well. So why not (go international),? Singh, managing director, Fashion One International, said here.

    The event has so far been held in Mumbai. It will open in the capital for the first time July 23. Scheduled to take place at The Grand hotel in south Delhi, the extravaganza will have a mix of bridal and couture collections by a range of the country`s designers.

    Participating designers at the six-day event are JJ Valaya, Tarun Tahiliani, Raghavendra Rathore, Shantanu and Nikhil, Falguni and Shane Peacock, Rohit Bal, Suneet Varma, Ashima Leena, Meera and Muzaffar Ali, Adarsh Gill, Jyotsana Tiwari and Rina Dhaka.

    While Valaya is the opening designer, Tahiliani will present the closing collection.

    There will also be a bridal expo - The Bridal Luxury Couture Exposition - which will run simultaneous with the IBFW. It will feature 65 top designers and creative wedding planners who will interact directly with the customers.

    IANS

    First Published: Wednesday, July 10, 2013, 19:38

    Source: http://spicezee.feedsportal.com/c/33175/f/540066/s/2e787405/l/0Lzeenews0Bindia0N0Centertainment0Carticles0Cstory1387610Bhtm/story01.htm

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    Thursday, July 11, 2013

    Boost Mobile now offering Samsung Galaxy Prevail II


    samsung_galaxy_prevail2_720

    Boost Mobile announced on Thursday that the Samsung Galaxy Prevail II is now available through the prepaid carrier. Priced at $179.99, the phone runs Android 4.1 Jelly Bean and features a 1.4GHz processor, 5-megapixel rear camera, 1.3-megapixel front-facing camera, and 4-inch display.

    Boost Mobile offers an Android Unlimited plan for $55 that allows for shrinking bill payments. For every six bills you pay on time (does not need to be consecutive), your bill drops by $5 per month. Ultimately, you can get down to $40 per month with unlimited talk, text, and?2.5GB/month of high-speed data.

    Boost Mobile


    Want the rest of this article? Please visit androidguys

    Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Androplex/~3/VhwooJJfC8w/

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    Egypt's Maspero Youth Union Says Constitutional Declaration 'Shocking'

    Egypt's Maspero Youth Union, a Coptic activist group, has expressed its opposition to the constitutional declaration issued on Monday by interim president Adly Mansour.

    In a statement released Tuesday, the group described the 33-article declaration, which outlines the roadmap for the transitional period expected to last six months, as "shocking."

    "The [constitutional declaration] is not compatible with the ideals of the 30 June uprising... that went out for a civil state that upholds religious and cultural diversity," the statement read.

    The declaration was criticised for its first article that states that the Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic system based on citizenship, that Islam is the religion of the state, Arabic is its official language and the principles of sharia law derived from established Sunni canons are its main source of legislation.

    This article combines Articles 1, 2 and 219 of the suspended constitution. The latter was added by Islamists to outline the meaning of "principles of Islamic sharia" mentioned in the second article.

    In Egypt's previous 1971 constitution, article two also stated that the principles of sharia are the primary source of legislation, but added no more details.

    This has long caused debate on the validity of stating specific religious sources for the country's legislation.

    "[On 30 June] we went out to bring down their failed constitution that built a state of hate and violence," the Coptic group said in the statement.

    "We did not take to the streets to give legitimacy to religious-based political parties that were about to erase Egypt's identity," the statement continued.

    The group added that the country has a lot of qualified young Egyptians who should have participated in drafting the declaration.

    The Coptic group also said that "it seems the revolution is not complete," and they will continue to work to fulfil its aspirations.

    The constitutional declaration was opposed by several political forces.

    The Rebel campaign, which spearheaded the 30 June protests that toppled former president Mohamed Morsi, and the April 6 Youth Movement both stated on Tuesday that interim president Adly Mansour had listened to their reservations regarding Egypt's new constitutional declaration and promised to issue a constitutional addendum accordingly.

    The National Salvation Front (NSF) also said in a statement that it had reservations about some articles in the declaration and would send the interim president detailed recommendations about the changes it wanted to see.

    Former president Morsi was deposed by Egypt's Armed Forces last week following massive nationwide protests calling for his removal. Judge Adly Mansour, the head of the High Constitutional Court, was sworn in as the country's interim president on Thursday.

    Egypt constitution, which was approved in January 2013, was suspended and a constitutional amendments committee is expected to be formed soon.

    http://english.ahram.org.eg

    Source: http://www.aina.org/news/20130710154334.htm

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    Wednesday, July 10, 2013

    Egypt orders arrest of Muslim Brotherhood leader

    CAIRO (AP) ? Authorities escalated their crackdown Wednesday on the Muslim Brotherhood, ordering the arrest of its top leader for inciting violence this week in which more than 50 people were killed in clashes with security forces.

    One week after the military overthrew President Mohammed Morsi and began moving against his Muslim Brotherhood movement, prosecutors issued a warrant for the arrest of the group's supreme leader, Mohammed Badie, as well as nine other leading Islamists.

    According to a statement from the prosecutor general's office, they are suspected of instigating Monday's violence outside a Republican Guard building that grew into the worst bloodshed since Morsi was toppled.

    Members of the Brotherhood and other Islamists have denounced Morsi's ouster and have refused offers by the military-backed interim leadership to join any transition plan for a new government. They demand nothing less than Morsi's release from detention and his reinstatement as president.

    Foreign Ministry spokeman Badr Abdel-Atti gave the first official word on Morsi in days, saying the ousted leader is in a safe place and is being treated in a "very dignified manner." No charges have been leveled against him, Abdel-Atti said.

    "For his own safety and for the safety of the country, it is better to keep him ... otherwise, consequences will be dire," he added.

    Thousands of Muslim Brotherhood supporters are continuing a sit-in at the Rabaah al-Adawiya Mosque near the Republican Guard building that was the site of Monday's clashes that killed 54 people, most of them Morsi supporters. The Islamists have accused the troops of gunning down protesters, while the military blamed armed backers of Morsi for provoking its forces.

    News of the arrest warrants did not surprise the protesters, who saw the move as an attempt to pressure the group's leadership to end the demonstration.

    "We expected it," said Ayman el-Ashmawi. "Even if they arrest the biggest number of Muslim Brotherhood members, we want to say that the Muslim Brotherhood will leave this square only over our dead bodies ? or the return of Dr. Mohammed Morsi."

    Fathi Abdel-Wahab, a bearded protester in his 30s, said he and the others at the rally had legitimacy on their side.

    "We will sacrifice ourselves and we will continue because we have a clear cause. We will defend it peacefully. ... We will never accept the military's coup," he said as he rested inside a tent near a group of people reciting verses from the Quran.

    On Friday, Badie delivered a fiery speech near the mosque to tens of thousands of his supporters in which he told them, "God make Morsi victorious. ... We are his soldiers. We defend him with our lives."

    Following that speech, thousands of Islamists marched in the streets and clashed with Morsi opponents in the heart of Cairo and elsewhere in Egypt, leaving more than 30 dead and 200 injured.

    After a week of violence and mass demonstrations, Egyptians were hoping that Wednesday's start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan will significantly calm the streets. The sunrise-to-sunset fast cuts down on daytime activity, although there are fears of unrest at night.

    The warrants highlight the armed forces' zero-tolerance policy toward the Brotherhood and other Islamists. The military already has jailed five Brotherhood leaders, including Badie's powerful deputy, Khairat el-Shaiter, and shut down its media outlets.

    Muslim Brotherhood spokesman Gehad Haddad said in his Twitter account that the arrest warrants were the return of "same old police-state tactics." The Brotherhood was banned under autocrat Hosni Mubarak.

    The military-backed interim president, Adly Mansour, issued a fast-track timetable Monday for the transition. His declaration set out a seven-month timetable for elections but also a truncated, temporary constitution laying out the division of powers in the meantime.

    The accelerated process was meant, in part, to reassure the U.S. and other Western allies that Egypt is on a path toward democratic leadership. But it has faced opposition from the very groups that led the four days of mass protests that prompted the military to remove Morsi on July 3.

    The top liberal political group, the National Salvation Front, expressed reservations over the plan Tuesday, saying it was not consulted ? "in violation of previous promises." The Front said the declaration "lacks significant clauses while others need change or removal," but did not elaborate.

    The secular, revolutionary youth movement Tamarod that organized massive anti-Morsi demonstrations that led to his ouster also criticized the plan, in part because it gives too much power to Mansour, including the power to issue laws. A post-Morsi plan put forward by Tamarod called for a largely ceremonial interim president with most power in the hands of the prime minister.

    At the heart of liberals' objections is that they wanted to write a new constitution, not amend the one written under Morsi by an Islamist-dominated panel. That constitution contained several articles that drew fierce criticism from liberal quarters, and helped sparked street protests and violence in 2012. Other objections centered on powers of the interim president.

    The only Islamist party that backed military's ouster of Morsi has been vetoing any rewriting of the constitution.

    New Prime Minister Hazem el-Beblawi, who was appointed Tuesday by Mansour, is holding consultations on a Cabinet. In what is seen as an attempt at reconciliation, el-Beblawi has said he will offer the Brotherhood, which helped propel Morsi to the presidency, posts in his transitional government.

    A Brotherhood spokesman said the group will not take part in an interim Cabinet, and that talk of national reconciliation under the current circumstances is "irrelevant." He spoke on condition of anonymity because of concerns for his security.

    The rejection underlines the difficulties faced by the interim leadership in trying to stabilize Egypt and bridge the deep fissures in the country. The nascent government also will soon face demands that it tackle economic woes that mounted under Morsi, including fuel shortages, electricity cutoffs and inflation.

    Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates provided a welcome boost Tuesday. The two countries, both opponents of Morsi's Brotherhood, celebrated his ouster by showering the cash-strapped Egyptian government with promises of $8 billion in grants, loans and badly needed gas and oil. On Wednesday, Kuwait said it would offer an aid package worth $4 billion.

    The donations effectively step in for Morsi's Gulf patron, Qatar, a close ally of the Brotherhood that gave his government several billion in aid during his year in office.

    Source: http://news.yahoo.com/egypt-orders-arrest-muslim-brotherhood-leader-112104836.html

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    Lakewood Store General Manager Job - CO, 80123 - Best Buy Jobs.

    About Us:


    Best Buy Company and its Family of Brands
    Best Buy is the world?s largest multi-channel consumer electronics retailer with stores in the United States, Canada, China, and Mexico. We are the 11th largest online retailer in the U.S. and Canada, we have the number one customer loyalty program of its kind and more than 1.6 billion visitors to our websites and stores each year. Our more than 165,000 employees are committed to helping deliver the technology solutions that provide value, enabling access to people, knowledge, ideas and fun ? whether online, via mobile device or in our stores.

    Posting Job
    Description:

    What does a Best Buy Store General Manager do?
    As the store-based leader of an iconic brand, Best Buy Store General Managers lead a store end-to-end, with ultimate accountability for maximum sustained profitability through transformational leadership and strategic execution. Their leadership style sets the tone for the entire store, managing people and processes while inspiring and innovating in both areas. The General Manager develops the Assistant Manager team and all Supervisors by creating a solid business rhythm focusing on employee and business results, always remembering no customer is ever left unserved or underserved.

    50% of your time you will:

    • Lead employee engagement and development efforts, ensuring that employees feel valued, safe and empowered to serve customers and create their futures at Best Buy.
    • Partner with district leadership to recruit and hire world class employees and cast them into appropriate roles, ensuring they are fully trained and equipped to serve customers.

    40% of your time you will:

    • Analyze store performance indicators against company business strategies and goals and lead the Assistant Manager team in developing plans to improve the business in partnership with district leadership.

    10% of your time you will:

    • Lead regularly scheduled store meetings, attend District/Territory meetings, participate in special projects/initiatives and perform other duties as assigned.

    What are the Professional Requirements of a Best Buy Store General Manager?

    Basic Requirements:

    • High school diploma or equivalent
    • 1 year salaried management experience leading a diverse team and complex business with a minimum of 20 reports (direct and/or indirect)

    Preferred Requirements:

    • Associates or Bachelors Degree in related field
    • 3+ years salaried management experience
    • Managing a multi-million dollar business
    • Experience in the following areas: coach, training, people management, decision making, P&L ownership, strategic planning, problem solving
    • 2+ years experience in a retail or customer service-oriented setting
    Additional Job Information:

    What are my rewards and benefits?
    Surrounded by the latest and greatest technology, a team of amazing coworkers and a work environment where anything is possible, you?ll find it easy to be your best when you work at Best Buy. While you?re making technology work for our customers, we?re making sure Best Buy works for you with our pay for performance philosophy. At Best Buy we offer top salaries for management, including both short and long term incentive plans based upon business results, as well as endless opportunities to grow in a dynamic work environment that?s part of an industry that never sleeps. From tuition reimbursement to deep employee discounts, to health, wealth and wellness benefits, we believe the success of our company depends on the passion of employees for learning, technology and people.

    Source: http://www.bestbuy-jobs.com/job/Lakewood-Store-General-Manager-Job-CO-80123/2716264/?utm_source=J2WRSS&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=J2W_RSS

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    Israel Interior Ministry Introduces Biometric ID Cards

    Kikar HaMeyasdim, Rishon LeZion, Israel. Photo: Wikipedia, MathKnight

    Kikar HaMeyasdim, Rishon LeZion, Israel. Photo: Wikipedia, MathKnight

    Israel?s Interior Ministry today launched a two-year pilot program, beginning in the country?s fourth largest city Rishon LeZion, to construct a biometric database and issue corresponding ID cards to Israelis living in several cities.

    The credit card-sized ID contains a computer-generated facial image, rather than a traditional photo, and fingerprints of both index fingers.

    Interior Minister Gideon Sa?ar said the program was created to help stem the theft of 160,000 traditional IDs in Israel each year as part of criminal activity and identity fraud.

    Responding to concerns of citizens over the government collecting too much information, the Minister said the information on the smart cards is less than what Israelis provide US customs upon entering the country ? all 10 fingerprints.

    According to Israeli daily Yediot Ahronot, Israelis against the plan say it could lead to an abuse of personal information and the database would be ripe for leaks. Debate over the plan has been constant since the idea was first floated in 2008. The project was approved by the Knesset in December, 2009.

    Source: http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/07/08/israel-interior-ministry-introduces-biometric-id-cards/

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    Tuesday, July 9, 2013

    China frees up iron ore trade further

    China's first non-official iron ore trading platform will begin operations this week, the latest sign that the country's new leadership is serious about free market reforms.

    China Daily reports the re-opening Rizhao platform was set up by private iron ore trading firms in 2009, but closed by authorities "due to concerns that it would introduce speculation and destabilise the "benchmark" mechanism then used to set annual iron ore prices."

    China last month also announced plans to scrap its decade-old import licensing system in an attempt to eliminate middlemen in the market who charge commissions for importing ore.

    The new rules are designed to lower costs for steel mills which will now be allowed to import directly.

    In the long run if the rules were to be implemented it would favour the big three exporters ? Vale SA (NYSE:VALE), Rio Tinto (LON:RIO) and BHP Billiton (LON: BHP) ? by lowering the cost of imported ore for China's steel industry relative to domestic supplies.

    The liberalization of the iron ore trade marks something of retreat for Beijing?which has made many attempts to wrest control over pricing away from?the major Brazilian, Australian and South African miners.

    The huge swings in the price of iron ore in recent years has one more than on occasion prompted China's national planning agency to allege that Vale, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton are manipulating the price, but attempts to improve transparency in the industry have met with little success.

    SEE ALSO: SLIDESHOW:2-minute history of the iron ore wars.

    The new Rizhao platform is a third option for traders of the steelmaking ingredient and should help the trade move closer to a true spot market.

    The launch of the China Beijing International Mining Exchange (CBMX) in May last year was largely deemed a flop and trading volumes remain very low despite official support from Vale and others.

    The Singapore-based globalORE rival to CBMX spearheaded by BHP Billiton handles more trades and iron ore swaps and futures volumes have also grown significantly, but all these systems remain a small part of price-setting within the industry.

    At the same time price volatility has only increased.

    Iron ore exchanged hands for $121.90 on Monday, up from 2013 lows of $110.40 over a month ago, but still down 20% from its 2013 high of $159 hit in February.

    The recent sharp pullbacks and subsequent rallies were beginning to resemble the trading patterns during the fall of 2011 and again in 2012.

    Iron ore hit an all time record in February 2011 of over $190 and famously eight months later suffered a $60 drop over the duration of 28 days.

    The market suffered a similar shock in August-September last year when the Chinese import price dropped 25% over a month to a three-and-a-half year low of $86.70.

    Source: http://www.mining.com/china-frees-up-iron-ore-trade-further-63511/

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    Both parties unite to give ex-felons a second chance (Star Tribune)

    Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

    Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/317811926?client_source=feed&format=rss

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    Interview with BGTX Summer Fellow Elizabeth Garcia (Offthekuff)

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    Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/317885216?client_source=feed&format=rss

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    Monday, July 8, 2013

    Oops! When "Autism" Isn t Autistic Disorder: Hyperlexia and Einstein Syndrome

    The good news is that occasionally one reads about children who have ?recovered? from, or who have ?out-grown? their ?autism?.? And that?s great.? Not to detract anything from that good news, though, if truth be told, the ?recovery? in many cases is from autism they fortunately never had.? Instead what those children ?outgrew? were conditions such as hyperlexia (children who read early) or Einstein Syndrome (children who speak late) in which ?autistic-like? symptoms can be, for a period of time,? in my view, prematurely and mistakenly misdiagnosed as Autistic Spectrum Disorder.

    The good news that these non-autistic children turn out to be bright, successful, neurotypical children remains undiminished.? But the bad news is that in the meantime parents have been needlessly pessimistic and worried about their child, and sometimes unnecessary or even misguided treatment, educational and other management decisions have been carried out.

    I have been involved with the study of autism for many years.? In fact I had the opportunity to learn about autism directly from Dr. Leo Kanner himself when he was a visiting professor at times during my medical school years.? Dr.. Kanner was the first to identify and name early infantile autism in 1943. Following my psychiatric residency I started a Children?s Unit at a psychiatric hospital in Wisconsin.? Most of the patients were autistic and it was there I also met my first savants that have also so intrigued me and have been the object of my research for over 50 years as documented in my 2010 book on the topic: Islands of Genius: The Bountiful Mind of the Autistic, Acquired and Sudden Savant.

    As a result of my interest in savant syndrome I have maintained an internationally active web site at www.savantsyndrome.com hosted by the Wisconsin Medical Society.? From that web site almost daily I receive ?I?ve got a son or daughter who ???? emails asking for some advice regarding that child?s special savant-like skill.? In some cases that special skill is the ability to read early (hyperlexia) and in other cases the concern is regarding delayed speech coupled with precocious knowledge and extraordinary memory (Einstein Syndrome).? In following up on these case I noted that while each of these children had been given a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder along the way,? the course of that condition, and more importantly outcome, was very different and much more positive than more typical autistic spectrum disorder, Asperger?s or PDD/NOS or whatever diagnosis had been assigned.

    Essentially these children did ?outgrow? those more ominous diagnoses and were now generally very bright and successful neurotypical children, adolescents or adults.? What had occurred is that in the evaluation process there was the failure to sort out ?autistic like? symptoms from Autistic Spectrum Disorder.?? I have over 150 such cases now in which the outcome is so positive that the follow-up messages from relieved parents are a source of? continual professional satisfaction.? Here is a brief description of those conditions.

    Hyperlexia, type I

    Some normal (neurotypical is the proper term these days) children simply read very early. They tend to be very bright, but certainly are not autistic.? Having a child, instead of the teacher,? read to his or her nursery school class at an advanced grade level, with comprehension, is very astonishing and conspicuous. Parents are very proud and witnesses amazed.? Eventually,? however, the other children catch up in reading level which leaves the precocious reading ability only a memory in that child who has (or more accurately,? had) what I classify as Hyperlexia I.

    Hyperlexia, type II

    This is a group of children who have hyperlexia as a savant ?splinter skill? as one symptom of an autistic spectrum disorder.? They read voraciously usually with astonishing memory for what they read, often accompanied by other memorization tasks and abilities, sometimes linked with number or calendar calculating abilities.?? There is marked obsessiveness and rigidity. These ?splinter skills? are seen along with, and in the midst of, the other characteristic language, social and behavioral symptoms seen in autistic spectrum disorders.?? They usually carry a diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Asperger?s or pervasive developmental disorder (PPD/NOS). Clinical presentation, course of the illness and prognosis are those typically seen in autistic spectrum disorders.

    Hyperlexia, type III

    This is a less frequent form of hyperlexia and it is the one sometimes inappropriately diagnosed as ?autism? because of the failure to distinguish ?autistic-like? symptoms from autistic spectrum disorder.? These children also read early, often show striking memorization abilities, and sometimes have precocious abilities in other areas as well.? They may have ?autistic-like? behaviors for a period of time.? For example, they may show unusual sensory sensitivity (to sounds or touch or taste).? They usually seek, and do not avoid affection, and in that sense are more social, outgoing, interactive and less withdrawn than children with autistic spectrum disorder.? They do tend to make eye contact and can be very interactive with persons close to them. There may be fascination with, or intense insistence on, routine and resistance to change.? These children seem quite bright, inquisitive and precocious in some areas overall.?? Interest in, and mastery of, reading coupled with memory powers memorization is conspicuous and often quite amazing.?? There may other ?autistic-like? symptoms or behaviors as well, such as ?stimming? for example? But? over time the autistic behaviors and symptoms fade and, as it turns out, these children then are quite normal (neurotypical) for their age.

    Einstein Syndrome

    In his 1997 book Late Talking Children Thomas Sowell documented how often autistic-like symptoms? appeared in children with delayed speech in a group of 46 such children based on parental reports.? In a follow-up book four years later?The Einstein Syndrome: Bright Children Who Talk Late?Sowell wrote: ?Many parents wrote to me to say they were astonished to read about things that seemed like an eye-witness description of their child and their own family.? One mother said that she got goose-bumps reading descriptions that fit her child and her family closely, while other mothers have reported simply weeping as they read for the first time something that so obviously fitted their own puzzling child.??? Thus Sowell?s experience with children who talked late mirrored my findings in children who read early.? I too had reports of mother?s who wept when they read, for the first time, a description of their child with Hyperlexia III.

    Sowell was careful to point out that in some cases the diagnosis of? autistic spectrum disorder was correct, and delayed speech can, in some cases, be a part of autism or other physical conditions. (just as it can be in Hyperlexia II).? But he also found that in his opinion cases of delayed speech were being inappropriately diagnosed as autism by persons not particularly qualified to do so.

    These two books together summarize experience with the 46 original families plus a new group of 239 late-talking children in whom a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder had been inappropriately made given the very positive outcome in these children, very different from actual autism spectrum disorder itself.? He advises that those children fitting the Einstein Syndrome constellation of symptoms?exceptionally bright but exceptionally late in beginning to speak?require careful professional evaluation as do all children with delayed speech from whatever cause.? He also found, based on correspondence with parents, that some children who speak late have transient autistic-like symptoms that faded over time in whom a diagnosis of autism had been mistakenly or prematurely applied.? With that error came the same worry, concern and pessimism in those families that some of the parents of the hyperlexia III children were experiencing as expressed in correspondence with me.

    The point of this blog is not to exhaustively discuss hyperlexia or Einstein Syndrome.? Rather it is to point out that when precocious reading ability and extraordinary fascination with words presents itself in a very young child, especially when accompanied by other language or social problems that might suggest an autistic spectrum disorder, a comprehensive assessment by a knowledgeable professional or team familiar with the differential diagnosis of the various forms of hyperlexia is indicated.? The same is true when a child speaks speaks late rather than reads early.

    Hopefully, as the literature continues to evolve on hyperlexia, there will be more clarification regarding the classification of hyperlexia into its component sub-groups, and then even more resources will emerge for comprehensive evaluation and then application of appropriate treatment principles to these individuals.? Likewise with increased familiarity of Einstein Syndrome in children who speak late that same careful differentiation will be made from autistic spectrum disorder, given the very different outcome in the hyperlexic and late-speaking children who ?out-grow? their ?autism?.

    In the meantime I continue to solicit information from parents about more cases of children who read early or speak late, where autistic spectrum disorder has been a consideration, so I can share those stories that have turned out so well as reassurance to other parents who are in the beginnings of a search for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment regimen for their child. If that distinction can be made correctly, parents can be spared the worry attached to the fear that their child may be ?autistic? or ?asperger?s?, for example.

    Often, as elsewhere in medicine, particularly in puzzling cases, it is best to let the ?natural history of the disorder? emerge before applying a definitive diagnosis or ?label? that can have important, lasting consequences.?? Treatment can still be applied to target symptoms, but parents or others can, in those cases, be spared the unnecessary worry and fear that can accompany certain diagnoses prematurely applied.

    For readers interested in more detail on Hyperlexia I suggest my paper ?Hyperlexia III: Separating ?autistic-like? Behaviors from Autistic Disorder; Assessing Children who Read Early or Speak Late? published in the Wisconsin Medical Journal, Volume 110: 281-284, 2011.? It can also be accessed at www.savantsyndrome.com.?? For those interested in more information about Einstein Syndrome I recommend Thomas Sowell?s two books mentioned above.

    My hope from all of this is that the time will come when ?hyperlexia? will not automatically be assumed to be a symptom of ?autism?, as it now often is, and that very careful attention will be paid before assigning a diagnosis of ?autism? to children who read early, or speak late.

    Images: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) ? The Difficult Lesson (1884); others by author.

    Source: http://rss.sciam.com/~r/sciam/basic-science/~3/BcwBF_y7o9s/post.cfm

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